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Over a quarter of adult labor force unemployed
MANILA, Philippines - Over a quarter of the adult labor force are unemployed and hunger as a consequence is higher among their families, a new Social Weather Stations (SWS) survey showed. The results, made exclusive to BusinessWorld, point to some 11 million Filipinos â 27.9 percent of the work force â as jobless as of December. While better than Septemberâs 30.9 percent, the SWS said unemployment basically remained above 20 percent since May 2005. The independent survey research institutionâs tally compares with the official unemployment rate of 6.8 percent as of October â equivalent to 2.53 million Filipinos â based on the National Statistics Officeâs (NSO) quarterly Labor Force survey. The SWS uses the traditional definition of unemployment â those not working and at the same time looking for work â and classes adults as those at least 18 years old. The government, on the other hand, includes those 15 years old onward and in April 2005 dropped the traditional definition in favor of the âavailability of work" concept. This means the NSOâs count excludes those without work but are not currently available despite wanting to work, and adds those without jobs, are available, but are not seeking work due to either tiredness/belief that no work is available; awaiting results of a job application; temporary illness/disability; bad weather; or waiting for rehire/recall. Using the official definition, the SWS said its unemployment figure for adults 18 years old and above would be 22.3 percent. âIt is lower than when computed using the traditional definition because the correction for those looking for work but ânot truly availableâ is much larger than the correction for those âactually availableâ though not looking for work at the moment," it said. The SWS also tied joblessness to hunger, saying âUnemployment raises the vulnerability of families...". It said 31.4 percent among families of the unemployed experienced âtotal hunger" or involuntary hunger at least once in the past three months, compared to 29.2 percent among families of private employees, 19.7 percent among families of the self-employed, and 12.7 percent among families of government employees. âSevere hunger", referring to those who experienced involuntary hunger âoften" or âalways" in the last three months, was 7.6 percent among the unemployed and private employees, 2.6 percent among the self-employed, and also 2.6 percent among government employees. âModerate hunger" â experiencing it âonly once" or âa few times" in the last three months â was 23.8 percent among the unemployed, 21.6 percent among private employees, 17.1 percent among the self-employed, and 10.1 percent among government employees. The fourth quarter SWS survey polled 1,500 adults in Metro Manila using face-to-face interviews. Sampling error margins used were plus or minus 2.5 percent for national percentages, plus or minus 6 percent for Metro Manila, the Visayas and Mindanao, and plus or minus 4 percent for the Balance of Luzon. Asked to comment, University of the Philippines School of Labor and Industrial Relations professor Rene E. Ofreneo said the 27.9 percent unemployment rate was very high. âItâs over one-fifth of the labor force ... itâs really a cause for concern. The challenge to the government in light of the crisis is to provide jobs for those displaced but also for those entering the labor force every year, thatâs about one million," he said. Employment opportunities should also be given to those who were jobless even before the crisis, he said, adding âItâs also important to provide quality jobs." He said data from the Employers Confederation of the Philippines showed the informal economy accounted for some 70 percent of the labor force comnpared to government data which point to just 45 percent being informally employed. âSomewhere between that ... letâs say 50 percent, are definitely in the informal economy," he said. Alvin P. Ang, University of Santo Tomas economist, said the results of the latest SWS survey were âalarming". âItâs most probably true because of the global economic situation. The government has very limited fiscal capacity. But I think it wonât be solved by the government alone, the private sector should help," he said. â from a report by Bernardette S. Sto. Domingo, BusinessWorld
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